Hey there,
I’ve seen this issue come up a few times, if you can’t back up to any external drive even after reformatting, it could be an OS or content issue.
First, check if any other drives are connected to your device and set to back up. If so, disconnect them and try again.
@famk_e , you’re right about excluding files. Try excluding System files and Apps in Time Machine’s Advanced Preferences, restart, and see if that helps. If you’ve already tried First Aid, another thing to try is clearing Time Machine snapshots. Open Terminal and run:
sudo tmutil thinlocalsnapshots / 999999999999999 4
(That’s fifteen 9s). Once it finishes, restart, reconnect the external drive, re-enable Time Machine, and test again.
If that doesn’t work, try deleting the Time Machine plist. Go to Finder > Go > Computer > Macintosh HD > Preferences. Save a copy of com.apple.timemachine.plist, delete it, restart, and test. Before running the command, also delete the incomplete backup in Finder:
Double-click the external drive on the Desktop or in the Finder Sidebar.
Open “Backups.backup”, open the name of your Mac, scroll to the bottom (usually), and move the tile of the incomplete backup (usually says “In Progress”). Then try the steps above.
You can also check the Time Machine status with this command:
tmutil status
Another good test is running the backup in Safe Mode or with another user account to rule out user-specific issues.
Finally, testing with another Mac or a different external drive can help pinpoint whether it’s the drive or the Mac causing the issue.
I know it’s a lot to look into, but I just hope this helps!